Amateka Yibyuma

Guhimba no gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda birashobora guhera mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose. Muri icyo gihe, imbunda zo ku rugamba rwo mu Bwongereza akenshi zoherezwaga inyuma kubera kwambara ingunguru. Ishami rishinzwe umusaruro wa gisirikare ryahaye Brearley guteza imbere imbaraga -, kwambara ibyuma - birwanya ibyuma byifashishwa mu gukemura iki kibazo.

Brearley n'abafasha be bakusanyije ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibyuma n'amavuta avanze bifite imitungo itandukanye haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga, bagerageza imikorere yabo ku mashini zitandukanye, bahitamo ibyuma bibereye gukoreshwa mu mbunda. Umunsi umwe, bagerageje hamwe nuruvange rurimo chromium nyinshi. Ibizamini byo kwambara byagaragaje ko amavuta atigeze yambara -, byerekana ko bidakwiriye gukoreshwa mu mbunda. Banditse ibisubizo barabijugunya. Nyuma y'amezi make, umufasha yishimye cyane yiruka yerekeza i Brearley afite icyuma kibengerana. Ati: "Nyakubahwa, nasanze iyi mavuta yoherejwe na Bwana Mullah ubwo yari arimo akora isuku mu bubiko. Urashaka kubigerageza ukareba niba bifite imitungo yihariye?" "Yego!" Brearley yavuze yishimye, areba ibyuma bitangaje.

Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byagaragaje ko ibyuma bidafite ingese birwanya aside, alkalis, n umunyu. Iki cyuma kidafite ingese cyahimbwe na mollah w’umudage mu 1912, ariko mollah ntabwo yari azi icyo kizakoreshwa.

Braille yibajije ati: "Niba iyi myambaro - idashobora kwihanganira ariko kwangirika - ibyuma bidashobora kwihanganira ntibishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora imbunda, birashobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho byo kumeza?" Yahise atangira akazi, akora ibyuma byimbuto zidafite ingese, ibyuma, ibiyiko, ibikombe byimbuto, nicyuma kiziritse.

Icyuma cya Braille kitagira ingese cyatanzwe mu Bwongereza mu 1916 maze umusaruro utangira. Kuva icyo gihe, ibyuma bidafite ingese, byavumbuwe mu buryo butunguranye mu myanda y’imyanda, byabaye ibintu ku isi hose, maze Henry Brearleigh bamwita "Se w’icyuma."