Ingaruka Zibintu Bitandukanye bya Carbone Kumashanyarazi
Feb 25, 2026
Carbone ni kimwe mu bintu byingenzi bivanga ibyuma, kandi ibiyirimo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye kuri microstructure, imiterere ya mashini, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ibyuma. Ibikurikira nisesengura rirambuye ku ngaruka ziterwa na karubone zitandukanye kumiterere yicyuma:
1. Ingaruka yibirimo bya karubone kuri microstructure yicyuma
Microstructure yicyuma igizwe ahanini na ferrite (- Fe), simaite (Fe₃C), pearlite (uruvange rwa ferrite na cementite), austenite (- Fe, icyiciro cyo hejuru - icyiciro), na martensite (icyiciro gikomeye nyuma yo kuzimya). Guhindura ibirimo karubone bizahindura igipimo cyizi nzego:
|
Hasi - ibyuma bya karubone (C <0,25%): |
Ahanini ferrite, hamwe na pearlite nkeya, plastike nziza ariko imbaraga nke. |
|
Hagati - ibyuma bya karubone (0,25% Ntibisanzwe cyangwa bingana na C Ntibisanzwe cyangwa bingana na 0,6%): |
Umubare wa pearlite uriyongera, kandi ingano ya ferrite iragabanuka, ihuza imbaraga nubukomere. |
|
Hejuru - ibyuma bya karubone (C> 0,6%): |
Yiganjemo pearlite, kandi iyo ibirimo karubone biri hejuru, cimentite reticular igaragara, hamwe nubukomezi bwinshi ariko ubwinshi. |
2. Ingaruka yibirimo bya karubone kumiterere yubukanishi
|
Urutonde rwa karubone |
Imikorere isanzwe |
|
< 0.1% |
Byoroshye cyane, plastike cyane (nkibyuma byinganda byinganda), byoroshye gutunganywa no gukorwa, ariko bifite imbaraga nke (σₓ ≈ 200 MPa). |
|
0.1%~0.25% |
Hasi - ibyuma bya karubone (nka Q235), plastike nziza no gusudira, bikoreshwa mubwubatsi, amasahani yimodoka, nibindi. |
|
0.3%~0.5% |
Hagati - ibyuma bya karubone (nkibyuma 45), kuringaniza imbaraga nubukomezi, bikoreshwa mubice byubaka nka shitingi, ibikoresho, nibindi. |
|
0.6%~1.0% |
Hejuru - ibyuma bya karubone (nka T8, T10), ubukana bukabije cyane (HRC 60+), ariko hamwe n'ubugome bukabije, bukoreshwa mubikoresho, amasoko, nibindi. |
|
>1.0% |
Ultra - hejuru - ibyuma bya karubone, ubukana bukabije ariko bworoshye cyane, bisaba kuvura ubushyuhe budasanzwe (nka spheroidizing annealing) kugirango tunoze imashini. |
Imbaraga no gukomera: Mugihe ibirimo bya karubone byiyongera, igipimo cya sima cyiyongera, kandi ubukana nimbaraga (σₓ) byibyuma byiyongera cyane, ariko plastike (kurambura δ) hamwe no gukomera (ingaruka zingufu AKV) ziragabanuka.
Inzibacyuho yoroheje: Hejuru - ibyuma bya karubone bikunda gucika intege munsi yubushyuhe buke cyangwa imitwaro yingaruka.
3. Ingaruka zoguhuza karubone nibindi bintu
Manganese (Mn): Irashobora kugabanya ingaruka za sulfure no kongera ubukana.
Silicon (Si): Ikomeza ferrite, ariko igabanya guhindagurika.
Amavuta avanze: Mugushyiramo ibintu nka Cr, Ni, Mo, nibindi, imbaraga nyinshi nubukomezi birashobora kugerwaho kubintu biri munsi ya karubone